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Sign upPodcast: 'In Chains' Episode 3
In the third episode of our new themed series In Chains, we speak with Dr. Alexis Aronowitz from University College Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, who is the author of the article, “Regulating business involvement in labor exploitation and human trafficking” published in Journal of Labor and Society.
Brill Publishes Two New Book Series in the Social Sciences
Brill is pleased to announce the addition of two new peer-reviewed book series to its Social Sciences publishing program: International Studies in Maritime Sociology and Studies in Political Economy of Global Labor and Work. The series will be published online and in print.
Brill adds Two New Journals to Its Social Sciences Publishing Program
Two journals, the Journal of Labor and Society (JLSO) and Protest, have been added to Brill’s expanding publishing program in the Social Sciences. Both journals will be published online and in print. Previous volumes of JLSO are already available on Brill’s website, the first issues of Protest are planned for publication in 2021.
Mauritius continued to be an African model case with respect to economic growth, social stability and modernisation. Based on the principles of democratic governance, globalisation and rapid technological innovation, Mauritius has leaped from being a least-developed country at independence (1968) to a middle-income country in the new millennium. Forward-looking government, regional integration and an open market approach to foreign investment and trade proved their effectiveness again in 2004. Some important changes in the political arena dominated domestic politics, including a change in the leadership, but electoral reform made no significant progress. The active foreign policy approach was reinforced and macroeconomic indicators improved.
The Mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance again ranked Mauritius as a top performer on the continent in terms of rule of law, personal security, accountability, persistence of democratic institutions, and sustainable economic opportunities. In the ‘Democracy Index’ by the Economist Intelligence Unit, Mauritius was ranked 18th out of 167 states, and was the only African country classified as a “full democracy”. No spectacular events were recorded during the year.
2014 will perhaps go down in the history of the island as the year that shook the Mauritian democratic picture perfect. The general elections brought defeat to former prime minister Ramgoolam as a precursor to his later arrest. While foreign policy largely involved Mauritius’s traditional European partners, China and India took centre stage in international relations. Given its strategic location, Mauritius was also positioning itself as a gateway to Africa. Growing inequality and poverty presented the potential risk of social explosion. Despite efforts to alleviate poverty, the country experienced a rise in the number of poor households and a deteriorating Gini-coefficient.
Domestically, the year was dominated by the electoral victories of the ‘Alliance Lepep’; the arrest of ex-premier Ramgoolam; the crisis of the Labour and mmm parties; and the ramifications of several irregular financial schemes. In its foreign relations, Mauritius tried to balance the rising interests of India and China in the Indian Ocean and turn them to its advantage. The dispute with Britain over the Chagos archipelago also featured prominently. Despite a persistent economic slowdown, the financial services sector and tourism did well. As in 2014, the country ranked first in Africa with regard to governance and human development, although unemployment was relatively high and gender inequality deep-rooted.
As the Alliance Lepep (People’s Alliance) coalition government enjoyed a comfortable parliamentary majority and no elections were scheduled for 2016, the domestic political scene was expected to remain stable. In September, however, Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth announced his intention to step down and hand over the premiership to his son, Finance Minister Pravind Jugnauth. The constitutionality of the decision was strongly contested. In addition, Deputy Prime Minister Xavier-Luc Duval and his Mauritian Social-Democratic Party left the ruling coalition in December. By year’s end, political stability had been replaced by uncertainty. Adding to the short- to medium-term concerns were the consequences of the revised double taxation agreement with India and of the British referendum vote to exit the eu. With regard to Mauritius’ claim to the British-held Chagos archipelago, critical reversals were registered when the uk government decided against resettlement of the Chagossian people and announced that the defence agreement with the us was to be extended for a further 20 years. gdp growth was estimated at 3.8% and Mauritius continued to lead African rankings on governance, economic development and social welfare. With no military forces, the country was not involved in any armed conflict.
After a disputed transfer of power from Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth to his son Pravind in January, the domestic political situation stabilized, although Mauritius continued to be plagued by high-level cases of corruption. Brexit and the termination of the eu sugar protocol called for foreign trade and policy adjustments, while the government cautiously and successfully navigated the mounting rivalry between India and China. A major diplomatic breakthrough was achieved at the un on the issue of the Chagos archipelago. With modest gdp growth, an ambitious development model was launched, focusing inter alia on expansion of infrastructure. Overall, Mauritius maintained a leading position in Africa regarding governance and socio-economic development. Having no armed forces, the country was not involved in any military conflict.
Mauritius celebrated on 12 March the fiftieth anniversary of its independence, an occasion that prompted many to take stock of the country’s achievements. But the year was marked by a number of events that were not always favourable to Mauritius’s image on the international scene. Cases of misappropriation of funds dented the country’s reputation and made headlines. Mauritius’s ranking on ti’s corruption index, having fallen a few places over previous years, was 56 in the world.
In 2019, the island of Mauritius held its 11th post-independence general election. The country usually receives kudos from both international and pan-African election observation missions for organising free and fair elections. However, the post-election period was unsettled, with a number of election petitions registered by the opposition political parties in the supreme court contesting both the validity of the poll and credibility of the results. There is no doubt that this was a dent on a country that has built a reputation as the strongest democracy in Africa.
This was an exceptional year on all fronts, as the whole world felt the effects of Covid-19. Mauritius an island to a large extent dependent on external exchanges, be it for tourism, importation of food and other commodities, or the export of its garments, felt the wrath of a global economy in lockdown. The ruling coalition that was elected at the end of 2019 faced a challenging year that culminated in street protests in August and September.
Mauritius, just like the rest of the world, faced increased levels of difficulty as the second year of Covid-19 unfolded. Most of its productive sectors were halted, with that of tourism particularly affected.