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Abstract: In the study of religion asceticism normally refers to religiously motivated practices of renunciation, discipline, and bodily self-restraint, often combined into a specific arrangement that forms a lifestyle within a religious tradition, and to the underlying ideology. The article discusses substantive and functional definitions of asceticism, its role in theories of culture and religion, the religious contexts in which asceticism has been studied, and major areas of interest in asceticism studies: ascetic practice, asceticism in society, and asceticism and gender. ⸙