Spanish canonist and moralist, also called Doctor Navarrus. Barasoain (Navarra), 13 December 1492 - Rome, 21 June 1586. He spent a large part of his youth in France, where he graduated as doctor at the University of Toulouse c. 1514, was ordained priest, and lectured at the Academy of Cahors and the University of Toulouse. In 1524 he was at the University of Salamanca, where he became professor in 1532. Professor at Coimbra (Portugal) from 1538 till 1555. He retired to Navarra, but became c. 1561 involved in the trial of Carranza, Archbishop of Toledo, accused of Lutheranism. A stern defender of the accused, he could obtain that the case was brought before the Pope. In 1567 he himself went to Rome to act in favour of Carranza. As the process dragged on, and knowing that he had incurred the lasting wrath of Philip II, Azpilcueta remained in Rome until his death in 1586. Cf. Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, 5, Columns 1368-1374. Azpilcueta's works and their numerous editions are detailed in Palau y Dulcet, 1, pages 609-614.