| Record ID | cp010035 |
| Voet reference number | 2310 |
| Museum Plantin-Moretus | c:lvd:372936 |
| Uniform title | THESAURUS THEUTONICAE LINGUAE |
| Title page transcription | THESAVRVS ‖ THEVTONICÆ ‖ LINGVÆ. ‖ Schat der Neder-duyt= ‖ scher spraken. ‖ Inhoudende niet alleene de Nederduytsche woorden / maer ‖ oock verscheyden redenen en̄ manieren van spreken / ‖ vertaelt ende ouergeset int Fransois ende Latijn. ‖ Thresor du langage Bas-alman, dict vulgairemēt ‖ Flameng, traduict en François & en Latin. ‖ ⊕ 21 ‖ ANTVERPIÆ, ‖ Ex officina Christophori Plantini ‖ Prototypographi Regij. ‖ M.D.LXXIII. |
| Collation | 4⁰ [208]: §⁴, A-Z⁴, a-z⁴, Aa-Zz⁴, &⁴; pages [1-568] |
| Fingerprint | 157304 - # a1 §2 m : # a2 §3 un - # b1 A Ie : # b2 2Z3 Senti - # c1 & or : # c2 &2 util^157304 - # a1 §2 m : # a2 §3 un - # 1b1 A Ie : # 1b2 Z3 spi - # 2b1 a $V : # 2b2 z3 n - # 3b1 2A $so : # 3b2 2Z3 Senti - # c1 & or : # c2 &2 util^157304 - # a1 §2 m : |
| Number of sheets | 71 |
| Pages | [1]: Title [2]: Blank [3-7]: A messeigneurs…les superintendens, doyens, et honorable college de la confrerie de signed by Ambroise, salut (Antwerp, 13 February 1573, s. Christophle Plantin; part in italic type) [8]: Privilege (Brussels, 4 February 1572 old style, s. I. De Perre) [9-565]: Text (on two columns; Dutch text in gothic type, French in roman type, Latin in italic type) [566]: Ghedruckt t' Antwerpen ten huyse van Chri= ‖ stoffel Plantijn des Conincks drucker / int ‖ iaer M.D. ‖ LXXIII. den XXIXen. Januarij. ‖ A Anuers, de l'imprimerie de Christophle ‖ Plantin imprimeur du Roy, l'an M.D. LXXIII. ‖ le XXIX. iour de Ianuier. ‖ Excudebat Antuerpiæ Christophorus Plantinus ‖ typographus Regius. anno M.D. LXXIII. XXIX. ‖ Ianuarij [567]: ⊕ 27 [568]: Blank |
| Edition information | |
| Variants | (with the exception of Museum Plantin-Moretus, not checked which copies have one of the two variants): A. Most copies as described B. In Museum Plantin-Moretus, R 8.14 and R 46.16, has been inserted a sheet of two pages, marked §, between pages [2]-[3], with a Latin dedicatory (rendering in condensed form the general idea as given in the French dedicatory to the Guild of St. Ambrosius; dedicated to: Praestantissimis doctissimisque viris, Ven. domino Goverio Veusels, insignis Ecclesiae B. Mariȩ Antverp. canonico, et scholarum praefecto: Nobili domino Martino a Ranst: et domino Guillelmo Schoyt, celeberrimae urbis Antverp. decurionibus, ludimagistrorum et scholarum prȩfectis, Christophorus Plantinus S.P.D.). |
| Copies | Museum Plantin-Moretus- A 1167: variant A- A 38212: variant A- R 8.14: containing the additional page [variant B] and having many marginal notes, probably by Alexander Grapheus: see Notes- R 46.16: variant BAllard PiersonHeritage Library Hendrik Conscience AntwerpCity Archives AntwerpBologna University Library - Bologna (Italy)KBR Royal Library of BelgiumCambridgeNational Library, EdinburghRoyal Library of San Lorenzo de El EscorialGhent University LibraryGöttingen State and University LibraryUniversity of Groningen LibraryKB National Library of the NetherlandsProvincial Library, LeeuwardenLeiden University LibrariesUL LiègeBritish Library LondonKU Leuven LibrariesUniversity Library MunsterFacultés Notre Dame, NamurUtrecht University LibraryLibrary of Congress - Washington D.C. (USA). |
| Bibliographical references | Ruelens-de Backer, pages 142-143 (1573, no. 28) F. Claes, 'Lijst van Nederlandse woordenlijsten en woordenboeken gedrukt tot 1600' in De Gulden Passer, 49, 1971, pages 194-195, no. 237 F. Claes, 'Supplement op de Nederlandse woordenlijsten en woordenboeken gedrukt tot 1600' in De Gulden Passer, 54, 1976, page 54 (no. 237). Cf. also in Notes. Reprint with annotations by F. Claes: The Hague, 1972 (Monumenta Lexicographica Neerlandica, II, 1)Cockx-Indestege, E. Belgica typographica, 4500 Claude Sorgeloos, Labore et constantia. A collection of 510 editions issued by Christopher Plantin from 1555 till 1589. Introduction by Leon Voet. Brussels, 1990, nr. 425 Stijn van Rossem, Portret van een w |
| Online bibliographical references | STCV c:stcv:7042600USTC 59661 |
| Note 1 | Dictionary of the Dutch language: enumeration of Dutch words and expressions, in alphabetical order, with the translation in French and Latin. The first great dictionary of its kind for the Dutch language, containing some 40,000 entries. |
| Note 2 | The genesis of the work has for the first time been discussed by M. Rooses, 'Hoe de woordenboeken van Plantijn en Kilianus tot stand kwamen' in Nederlandsch Museum, I, 1880, pages 190-208 (with excerpts from the Plantinian archives). Fundamental for the genesis, printing history and content is now: F. Claes, De bronnen van drie woordenboeken uit de drukkerij van Plantin. Bouwstoffen en Studiën voor de Geschiedenis en Lexicografie van het Nederlands, XII. Tongeren, 1970 (the thesis with which F. Claes obtained the degree of doctor at the Louvain University in 1968; a typewritten copy of this thesis in Museum Plantin-Moretus). |
| Note 3 | For our knowledge of the genesis of the dictionary Plantin's dedicatory in French to the council of the Antwerp St. Ambrosius Guild (= corporation of schoolmasters) stands central: a very interesting document in which the typographer details at great length how the work originated. It is rendered in a more concise form in the Latin dedicatory (variant B). The French dedicatory has been reproduced, after the draft (Arch. 8, folio 56), dated 31 January 1573, in Corr., III, no. 458; this draft differs only slightly from the text as reproduced in the publication. Plantin made, however, a first draft, written between 13 and 20 January 1573 (Arch. 8, folio 43), which was not completed and differs in many places rather substantially from the finished text. |
| Note 4 | The genesis of the work as explained by Plantin in these forewords (and, for a large part, confirmed by his archives), can be summarized as follows: when the Frenchman Plantin came to Antwerp he wished to learn the Dutch language, but having no time to study it under a qualified teacher [and as no good dictionaries were available: this is not explicitly affirmed but may be deduced from the context], he started compiling words ('à ramasser et mectre comme en certains monceaux et ordre des lectres les mots que premièrement je rencontrois ou qui se présentoyent soubs ma plume, pour après m'enquérir de la signification et propriété d'iceux, apprendre à les cognoistre et à m'en aider au besoing'). He soon stopped when learning that more qualified men were working on similar works, quoting more especially the schoolmaster Gabriel Meurier (of whom indeed from 1557 onwards were published in Antwerp, by Plantin and Van Waesberghe, a number of Vocabulaire françois-flameng and Colloques [in French and Dutch]). However, when Plantin understood that nobody was interested in promoting a larger dictionary, he took up the project once again, but this time he looked for others to do the 'Dictionnaire flameng françois' he had in mind. He found four specialists, who started working on the project without knowing from each other. One of them soon delivered his text (of which Plantin made the Dictionarium tetraglotton, published in 1562: see no. cp011944). Then 'certain adversity' did cease Plantin's activities for a time (= a reference to the fact that Plantin in 1562-63 had to flee from Antwerp, while in April 1562 his belongings were sold), but finally the Plantin Press could start again [in September 1563]. One of the contributors had thus already supplied his text; one was not heard from, but the two remaining specialists now came forward with their own manuscripts while the context let it be understood that the first specialist also made some new contributions. Plantin tried to integrate the various texts into a single dictionary by taking one of the copies as basis-text and adding words taken from the other manuscripts. This way of operating proved difficult ('Ce que faisants il s'en rencontra tant [de mots]…que les marges pour amples qu'elles fussent ne les peurent tous loger; parquoy fismes adjouxter du papier entre chaicun fueillet puis après rescripre le tout au net pour le mectre sous la presse'). He printed some sheets but the results were so disappointing that the torn up the already printed pages (or as the typographer tells it in his imaginative style: 'condamnasmes les feilles imprimées d'estre ramasées aux maculatures'), and did stop the enterprise a second time. But once again he had second thoughts, as he realized that it was impossible to bring on the market for a not yet thoroughly tested language a completely finished dictionary ('Mais quoy l'expérience nous monstre qu'entreprendre d'amasser premièrement ung Dictionnaire absolut en quelque langue vulgaire non encores réglée et mise en art et escripture est chose autant faisable comme du premier coup tirer et ramasser toutes les pierres d'une quarrière abondante en toutes sortes de pierres propres à dresser et orner toutes manières et ordres d'édifices pour sumptueux et amples qu'on les puisse imaginer'). So, he decided to publish his dictionary as it stood. He printed twelve sheets until the Polyglot Bible forced him a third time to lay down the work, but again the project was resumed and now until the finish. |
| Note 5 | The exposition as given by Plantin in the dedicatory is largely confirmed by his ledgers. The Plantinian archives show that on 26 February 1566 Pieter Pasch was paid for printing three sheets of a 'Diction. Flam.' (Arch. 31, folio 11) - probably the same sheets which were finally torn up by Plantin. The typographer started again somewhat a year later on a 'Dictionnaire flameng latin francois': the wages for composing and printing sheets A-C are entered on 1 March 1567 (amounting to 9 florins Carolus guilders), and for sheets D-M on 3 May 1567 (amounting to 27 florins Carolus guilders) (Arch. 4, folio 87). The printing of the first three sheets was done by Claes Amen (Arch. 31, folio 15); the compositor Corn. Meulener worked on sheets K-N from 19 April until 25 May 1567 (Arch. 31, folio 53). From March until May 1567 Plantin had thus printed 13 sheets (A-N). Then, as he tells in his dedicatory, he stopped again for nearly five years, until on 7 June 1572 the work was resumed with the composing and printing of the remaining sheets, starting with N, meaning thus that the quire, already finished or nearly finished in 1567, was reset. The last payment to the pressman Claes Amen is entered on 31 January 1573 (Arch. 32, folio 18; Arch. 50, folio 98). According to the colophon the printing was actually finished on 29 January 1573. |
| Note 6 | Who were the collaborators and what did each of them exactly? The Plantinian archives do not give details about the scholars commissioned by Plantin prior to 1562, and the typographer in his dedicatory does not quote their names but only outlines what they did. As put together by F. Claes: the first collaborator took a Latin-French dictionary that he translated into Dutch; the second did the same with a French-Latin dictionary; the third collected words from a German dictionary and from Dutch ones - only in this context it is explicitly stated that he put the words in the alphabetical order of Dutch; the work of the last scholar is only vaguely outlined ('Le quatrieme en fist aussi comme bon luy sembla'). The first forwarded already after some months his contribution - a translation of Latin words into Dutch; with the addition of French and Greek words it was already published in 1562 as the Dictionarium tetraglotton (see no. cp011944). This contributor may be identified with Kiliaan. The third, working from German and Dutch dictionaries, is very likely A. Madoets, who went on with the project after 1563, and may in fact be considered to be the principal compiler of the Thesaurus. The second (tentatively identified by Claes with G. Meurier) and the fourth (who very likely played only a minor role) do not seem to have been working for Plantin after 1562. |
| Note 7 | From 1563 onwards we are better informed, but the entries are sometimes confusing. As again reconstructed by F. Claes: four men are quoted in the Plantinian archives as having worked on the making of dictionaries for the Plantin Press - Kiliaan, André Madoets, Quentin Steenhart, and Augustin [van Hasselt ?]: a) The latter can only have done some minor work (paid 4 florins Carolus guilders 10 stuivers on 14 May 1564 'pour ce qu'il a reveu le Dictionnaire flameng' [Arch. 31, folio 1], perhaps verifying some proofs); b) Steenhart or Steenhartsius was also only a minor figure: he was paid on 23 November 1564 'sur la correction du Dictionnaire Flameng' (Arch. 31, folio 42v), on 9 April 1565 'pour avoir reveu 272 feuillets dud. Dictionnaire, après qu'André Madoets les eu rescrits' (Arch. 3, folio 23), on 2 January 1566 for '8 cahiers du Diction. Fl.-Fr.-Lat. baillé', on 11 February 1566 'pour 10 cahiers Diction. Germanicogallicolatinum', and on 28 February 1566 'pour 5 cahiers du Diction.' (Arch. 31, folio 42v), and received in all 25 florins Carolus guilders 1 stuivers He must have worked only intermittently on the dictionary and must more especially have 'reviewed' and 'corrected' the work of Madoets; c) Kiliaan received on 25 September 1563 from Plantin a 'Dictionarium Latinogallicum', in folio, Paris, Estienne 'pour en traduire le francois en flameng'. He worked from November 1563 until September 1564 on this translation and received in all 57 florins Carolus guilders 6 stuivers (Arch. 3, folio 4; Arch. 4, folio 64; Arch. 36, folios 64-65). He realized a Dictionarium Latino-Gallico-Germanicum (in the tradition of the Dictionarium tetraglotton), that, however, was not published. Kiliaan's contribution to the final redaction of the Thesaurus can only have been minimal; d) A. Madoets may be considered to be the most important contributor to the Thesaurus. Very likely he was already the scholar who, prior to 1562, worked on the 'Dictionnaires Flamengs, que ie luy peu trouver, et de l'Aleman'. Anyway he was working for Plantin on a 'Dictionaire Flameng Francois Latin' from May 1564 until the end of August 1565 (first residing in Brussels; from 1 March 1565 living with Plantin) and received in all 81 florins Carolus guilders (Arch. 3, folios 23, 32, 35; Arch. 4, folio 87; Arch. 31, folio 3). |
| Note 8 | On the sources used by Madoets and the other contributors: full details in F. Claes. |
| Note 9 | In a letter of 18 November - 6 December 1583, Plantin thanks Alexander Grapheus for an amended and enlarged Thesaurus (Corr., VII, no. 963: 'Thesauro theutonicae linguae abs te ex amici sententia repurgato et aucto libenter beabor ubi volueris'), but did not print it. This enlarged version made by a Grapheus may be identified with the annotated copy of the Thesaurus in Museum Plantin-Moretus, R 8.14. |
| Note 10 | Listed in M 296, folio 12v (Thesaurus Linguȩ Theutonicȩ in 4⁰, A⁰ -, f[euilles] -, [price:] stuivers 30). |
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