Burundi's new government led by the ‘Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie’ (CNDD-FDD) was faced with a Sisyphean task in 2006, namely reconstructing a country whose physical, economic and social infrastructure had been destroyed by 12 years of civil war, with limited resources and against a backdrop of ongoing conflict with the last remaining rebel movement, the ‘Parti pour la libération de Hutu-Forces Nationales de Libération’ (Palipehutu-FNL). In the post-transition period, however, the country's democratisation process was marred by political gaffes and abuses by the new government and the ruling party, raising fears of a reversal towards authoritarianism. The erstwhile rebel movement often governed in a high-handed and populist manner, coming under fire from the media, civil society and the opposition. The regime's authoritarian drift and high levels of corruption were also a source of friction with the international community.
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