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This entry provides an overview of current research on West Slavic historical phonology, morphology, syntax, and sociolinguistic development. The West Slavic area is treated as a linguistic continuum, considering dialect evidence, while the focus is on the current standardized West Slavic languages (Czech, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Pannonian Rusyn, Polabian, Polish, Slovak, and Upper Sorbian). Additionally, controversies, language contact, and the earliest attestations of the languages are presented
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- The relationships among speech areas, languages, and their development
- Periodization of development
- Prosody and stress
- Evolution of vowels
- Evolution of consonants
- Evolution of sibilants
- Assibilation
- Dual
- Tendencies in declension
- Definite and indefinite articles
- Tendencies in conjugation
- Aspect
- Expression of the future
- Present tense
- Spread of athematic ending of 1st-person singular present to further conjugations
- Loss of simple past tenses (aorist and imperfect)
- L-Participles
- Preterite
- Pluperfect
- Conditional
- Personal resultative
- Diathesis
- Nonfinite verbal forms
- Modal auxilliaries
- Christianization and state formation
- Sociolinguistics and loanwords
- The colonization processes and their consequences
- The emancipation of Czech and Polish
- The fragmentation of literary varieties
- The modern period
- Tendencies after 1989
- Overview of the linguistic geography of West Slavic
- Theories of the internal reticulation of West Slavic and relations to other linguistic branches
- Linguo-cultural zone
- Typology
- Controversies
- The role of migration and contact
- Notable early attestations, first indications of differentiation in written sources
- Bibliography
in Encyclopedia of Slavic Languages and Linguistics Online
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(28,855 words)