(1,478 words)
, mirzā muḥammad hādī , Urdu novelist, poet, translator and writer on scientific, philosophical and religious subjects. He was born in Lucknow most probably in 1858. His ancestors had migrated from Persia during the Mug̲h̲al period. His great-grandfather, Mīrzā D̲h̲u ’l-Faḳār ʿAlī Beg, took up permanent residence in Awadh [q.v.] during Āṣaf al-Dawla’s time (1775-97), and became ad̲j̲utant in the Nawāb’s army. Ruswā received his early education from his father, Āg̲h̲ā Muḥammad Taḳī, who taught him Arabic, Persian and mathematics. For learning English, Ruswā went to La Martinière College, where he remained until the middle grade. By the time he was sixteen years of age both his parents died. Ruswā came into a large inheritance, but his maternal uncle, who was his guardian, appropriated most of it. What remained was squandered by Ruswā himself in self-indulgence and extravagant living. At this time, a friend of his father, by the name of Ḥaydar Bak̲h̲s̲h̲. who was a calligraphier by profession, came to Ruswā’s aid, and helped him through his financial difficulties. Ruswā enrolled himself in Thomason Engineering School, Roorkee, and obtained an overseer’s diploma in 1876. Thereafter, he worked first in Rae Bareli and, later, in the Quetta region of Balūčistān, where his duties were connected with the laying of railway tracks. Not long afterwards he resigned from his job, and took up employment as instructor of Persian in the Church Mission School, Lucknow. From there he passed his high school examination as a private candidate.
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(1,478 words)