(3,407 words)
The government of president Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina had limited success in improving the quality of governance, mending years of eroded trust, or rectifying ineffective policies. The sentiment expressed was that he hadn’t lived up to his promises for reform. Former presidents Marc Ravalomanana and Andry Rajoelina solidified their front-runner standing. gdp per capita increased modestly, but poverty remained at highs reached during the 2009–13 political crisis. Forest area continued to decrease. The powerful private sector began drawing battle lines, and attempted reforms to the electoral code and related policy areas ushered in a new era of uncertainty. Although international interests disagreed on the extent of risk facing the country, imminent constitutional crises were averted, and elections were held with relative calm on 7 November. With the victory of Rajoelina at the 19 December polls, a new opportunity was created to establish stable relationships.
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(3,407 words)