(4,945 words)
The ruling RPF government continued to maintain strict controls on political and public life. The regime, led by President Paul Kagame, further consolidated its grip on power via parliamentary elections held in September. The government faced little internal political opposition. Progress slowed in public service delivery as donors cut or suspended aid as a sanction for Rwanda’s alleged continued support of the M23 rebels in the DRC. The RPF continued to lose standing with its international donors, including for the first time the USA, a staunch ally of the government since it had taken power in 1994 at the end of the genocide. The government continued its vigorous denial of any military involvement in the neighbouring DRC through proxy militias. To appease donors, the government embarked on a series of peace talks hosted by the government of Uganda. Bilateral relations with the DRC remained cordial despite Congolese President Kabila’s public statements that Rwanda should stop supporting rebels in its eastern provinces. Relations with Tanzania soured and remained strained at year’s end. The dip in available foreign aid constrained the government’s development plans as it accounted for some 40% of budgeted revenue. Foreign aid cuts combined with higher international interest rates and lower domestic public spending, along with poor tea and coffee receipts, slowed Rwanda’s economic growth to slightly less than 5%.
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(4,945 words)