(3,581 words)
The year witnessed the dramatic consequences of Mali’s ongoing political and security crisis, which had come to the world’s attention through the March 2012 military coup d’état resulting in the ouster of the country’s government. Among the most notable consequences of this crisis in 2013 were large-scale military intervention by French, African, and ultimately UN forces; the retreat of Islamist rebel groups from the cities and towns they had occupied since early 2012; the brokering of a preliminary peace accord between Tuareg separatist rebels and the Malian government; and the election of a new head of state. Yet despite these and other positive signs of normalisation, the rampant insecurity, political uncertainty, and economic distress generated by the crisis did not fully abate, and the Malian state remained weak in the face of multiple challenges, both internal and external.
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(3,581 words)